I was a postdoc at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. Most of my research activities occur at the Wrigley Institute on Catalina Island. During my postdoc, I attained skills that allowed for study of how complex life necessitates energy trade-offs in the face of major climatic changes, whether past or present.

Example publication, HERE - "Metabolic cost of calcification in bivalve larvae under experimental ocean acidification" - This paper reveals the basis by which first shell formation in bivalves is impacted by adverse calcifying conditions and empirically derives an energy cost for calcification. Plus, contrasting larval families (produced by controlled crosses of pedigreed lines) reveals that genetic-based resilience to climate change may exist (from Fig. 1 in publication, pasted below; difference between shell length at aragonite undersaturation versus aragonite supersaturation across nine larval families, ranked by effect).